11种杀菌剂对马铃薯软腐病的防治效果

由果胶杆菌属细菌Pectobacterium spp.引起的软腐病是世界范围内马铃薯生产上重要的细菌性病害之一。本研究分别采用碟片法和生长速率法探究了11种常用的杀菌剂对胡萝卜果胶杆菌胡萝卜亚种菌株Pcc20181的离体抑菌效果; 采用马铃薯半薯接种法评价了供试杀菌剂对马铃薯软腐病的防控效果。碟片法和生长速率法测定结果均显示:11种供试杀菌剂中72%农用硫酸链霉素SP、0.3%四霉素AS和3%噻霉酮WP离体抑菌效果最好, 抑菌圈直径介于0.13~1.47 cm, EC50介于1.695~44.363 mg/L; 新鲜半薯接种法测定结果表明, 11种供试杀菌剂中有8种对软腐病均有控病效果, 防效为33.33~92.50%。其中, 3%噻霉酮WP对马铃薯软腐病的防效最高为92.50%, 随后依次为72%农用硫酸链霉素SP （89.76%）、20%叶枯唑WP （58.81%）、0.3%四霉素AS （51.60%）。综合评价, 3%噻霉酮WP、20%叶枯唑WP和0.3%四霉素AS对马铃薯软腐病具有较好的防控效果。     

花椒病虫害研究进展

花椒Zanthoxylum bungeanum是一种具有重要经济价值和药用价值的多年生香料和油料树种,国内外学者对花椒的栽培、育种等方面研究较多,而对花椒病虫害防治方面的研究较少。笔者在前人研究的基础上,通过文献分析明确花椒及其病虫害方面的研究,并对已报道的花椒病虫害、防治方法等进行了综述,以期为今后开展花椒病虫害防治相关研究提供理论支持和方向。     

食用菌产业发展对农业循环经济的影响

针对我国食用菌产业发展对农业循环经济的影响问题,提出了食用菌产业转变生产方式、实施专业化分工协作,以节约经济运行成本;在分析成本效益的基础上,建立了食用菌产业发展的影响因素评价体系,对农业循环经济发展过程中的多种复杂影响因素进行科学评价,重点评价了经济发展的可持续性、经济性和环保性三个影响因素。该评价体系对我国食用菌产业发展对农业循环经济的影响因素做出科学的评价,能够辅助相关政府部门进行经济决策。     

从财务角度谈食用菌生产管理

为实现食用菌产业可持续发展,分析食用菌企业财务管理与成本控制的问题,并通过对食用菌种植成本的控制,达到企业资金的投入获得保障收益的稳定。从食用菌企业内部财务问题与生产投入着手,分析现阶段存在的问题及提出解决建议,确保食用菌企业内部利益上升的同时,提升企业整体实力及市场竞争力,确保食用菌产业健康稳步的发展。     

国内土壤环境污染防治进程及展望

综述以中国2005—2019年土壤污染防治进程的3个阶段为主线,总结土壤污染防治发展过程中管理模式、治理体系、管控要求、机构改革、立法支持等5个方面重要转变,分析国家和地方土壤环境保护标准、法律法规政策和主要土壤污染治理成效。针对国内土壤污染防治未来发展趋势,从完善土壤环境标准及管理制度、建设监测及预警大数据平台、加强土壤生态环境国际合作、持续推进土壤修复技术攻关和先行区经验推广等方面提出建议,以期为生态环境高水平保护和经济社会高质量发展提供参考。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果研究

本试验比较了不同浓度氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果。结果表明:试验药剂35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂在水中分散性良好,700倍用药量(有效成分量为41.2 g/hm^2)防治桃小食心虫的速效性和持效性均良好,14 d后防效达到最大值,为99.1%。试验证明,氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂可用来防治果树桃小食心虫。     

十里香茶离体培养及再生体系研究

为了保护珍贵的十里香茶树资源,掌握利于十里香茶的最优组培条件,本研究对十里香茶组培过程中外植体类型、消毒时间、培养基添加物及培养条件进行了筛选。结果表明,采用轻微木质化的带腋芽茎段经升汞消毒15 min,接种后暗培养5 d,MS+0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA培养基中添加3 mg·L^-1 PVP+2000 mg·L^-1 Vc或者6 mg·L^-1 PVP+3000 mg·L^-1 AC,可在低污染率的前提下将褐化率降为10%左右,一定程度上解决了茶树组培中褐化率高的难题;采用1/8 MS+1 mg·L^-1 IBA培养基有利于外植体生根且增殖迅速。本研究建立了十里香茶的无菌苗离体培养及再生体系,可通过组培手段对其进行大量繁殖。     

基于Lucid多途径检索的油茶害虫诊断APP开发与实现

油茶是亚热带地区重要的木本油料作物,近年来随着种植面积的不断扩大和集约化经营,病虫害问题日益严重,对油茶的产量和品质造成不同程度的影响。本研究通过野外调查、文献查阅、种类鉴定等工作,整理了21种油茶主要害虫的形态特征、生物学习性、为害特点、防治措施等信息,并拍摄相应害虫及为害状的高清照片1 600张。采用Lucid智能诊断系统,构建Fact Sheet Fusion基础信息数据库,并针对多途径检索方式提取害虫"为害方式"、"为害部位"、"为害高峰期"、"形态特征"等4个1级特征组,以及10个2级特征和18个3级特征,共组成102个特征状态,构建了油茶害虫的快速诊断系统。在此基础上,转换得到基于Android系统的手机应用APP,为林农和森防一线工作者对油茶害虫快速识别和防治提供便捷服务,从而促进油茶产业持续健康发展。     

Orange peel fragment improves antioxidant capacity and haematological profile of Nile tilapia subjected to heat/dissolved oxygen‐induced stress

This study evaluated the ability of orange peel fragment (OPF) to act as a functional feedstuff, influencing growth, haematological profile, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Nile tilapia subjected heat/dissolved oxygen‐induced stress (HDOIS). A group of 440 male Nile tilapia (31.7 g ± 0.34) was randomly distributed in 40 250‐L aquaria (11 fish/tank) and fed five practical diets with graded levels of OPF at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% for 70 days. The diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein and 18 MJ/kg crude energy. After the feeding period, growth performance was evaluated and six fish per treatment were sampled for haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity, before and after HDOIS. Then, fish were subjected to HDOIS (32°C/2.3 mg/L dissolved oxygen) for three days and the same haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined. There was no effect of OPF on the haematological profile, either before or after HDOIS. The polynomial regression model was used to express the relationship between antioxidant enzymes activity and OPF supplementation level. The maximum activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was reached at 0.66%, 0.63%, and 0.68% of OPF respectively. Results of the present study suggest that a dietary supplementation level of 0.63%–0.68% of orange peel fragment was appropriate to maintain Nile tilapia haematological profile and improve its antioxidant capacity under HDOIS.     

Prevention and Controlling Effect of Intercropping on Pests and Diseases and Its Risk Control in Cotton Fields

Cotton is one of the major field crops which are seriously threatened by pests and diseases. In recent years, the ecological management of cotton pests and diseases with intercropping has become to be an interesting approach. Intercropping possibly increases the population of natural enemies and finally reduces the population density of pests as a result of changes in ecological structure and environmental conditions of farmland. Intercropping thus has been considered an important alternative in controlling pests and diseases. However, cotton field intercropping also has some limitations in controlling pests and diseases. Unreasonable intercropping system has many risks such as increasing labor input, increasing the difficulty of pests’ control, and aggravating pests and diseases. In this paper, the effects and the underlying mechanisms of cotton intercropping on cotton pests and diseases were reviewed. The possible risks and countermeasures used for ecological control of intercropping were also put forward, and the future and application of ecological management of cotton pests and diseases with intercropping were prospected.